(in Polish) Historia filozofii z elementami etyki WH-FPZ-I-2-HistFilo

This semester's lectures are a continuation of those from the previous semester. They cover modern and contemporary philosophy. The topics focus primarily on epistemological, ontological, and ethical themes, as well as socio-political issues (first-year students had a separate ethics course, so ethical issues are addressed less extensively than others). The philosophy of this period will be presented in a problem-based format (discussing the most important philosophical issues of the era) and in a personal format (presenting the most important philosophers of the era).

Topics:
1. General introduction to modern philosophy. The birth of modern philosophy. The upheaval in the natural sciences of the modern era and its impact on the mentality of the people of that era. The revolution in scientific thought in the 16th and 17th centuries. The idea of ​​mechanistic philosophy.
1.1 The question of the sources of knowledge. Psychological and epistemological versions of the topic. Apriorism and empiricism (extreme and moderate). The dispute between empiricism and apriorism over the nature of mathematical theorems. Conventionalism. Kant's moderate apriorism. A priori knowledge according to phenomenologists. Rationalism and irrationalism.
1.2 The problem of the limits of knowledge. Two understandings of transcendence. The problem of the immanent limits of knowledge. Immanent epistemological idealism (Berkeley, Hume). Immanent epistemological realism. Transcendental epistemological idealism. Kant's transcendental idealism. Realism. Positivism. Neopositivism.
1.3 Metaphysical issues. The problem of ideal objects. The dispute over universals. The contemporary version of the dispute over universals. Subjective idealism. Objective idealism. Hegel's dialectic. Hegel's dialectic and Marx's dialectic. Metaphysical realism. Naive and critical realism.
2. Selected representatives of modern philosophy.
2.1 Descartes. Descartes' Method. The Criterion of Truth. Knowledge of God and the World. Theory of Knowledge. Philosophy of Nature. Anthropology. The Problem of Freedom. Descartes' Successors. Melabranche. Melabrache's Occasionalism and Ontologism. Spinoza. Spinoza's Rationalism and Pantheism. The Identity of Spiritual and Corporeal Being. Spinoza's Anthropology and Ethics.
2.2 Francis Bacon. Bacon's New Method.
2.3 Galileo. Galileo's Scientific Method.
2.4 Thomas Hobbes. Materialism and Sensualism. Determinism. The Naturalistic Theory of Society.
2.5 Edward Herbert of Cherbury and the Concept of Natural Religion.
2.6 John Locke and Empiricism. The Science of the Origin of Concepts. Locke's Theory of Ideas. Locke's Political Philosophy.
2.7 Anthony Ashley Cooper and the Concept of Natural Morality.
2.8 Kant. Kant's Criticism. Critique of Pure Reason. Critique of Practical Reason. Philosophy of Law. Philosophy of Religion. Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi as a Critic of Kant.
2.9 German Idealism. Fichte. Fichte's Pure Subjective Idealism. Hegel. The Object and General Principles of Hegel's Philosophy. Hegel's Dialectic. Logic. Philosophy of Nature. Philosophy of Spirit. Hegel's Philosophy of Law and the State.
2.10 Johann Friedrich Herbart and the Critique of Idealism. Herbart's Realism.
3. Modern Socioeconomic Philosophy.
3.1 The Social Philosophy of Mercantilism.
3.2 The Socioeconomic Philosophy of the Physiocrats.
3.3 The Socioeconomic Philosophy of Adam Smith. The Concept of "Homo Oeconomicus."
4. Elements of Contemporary Philosophy.
4.1 The Question of Directness and Indirectness of Knowledge. Theory of Immediate Knowledge in Phenomenology. Cartesian Idea of ​​Methodological Doubt and Husserl's Transcendental Reduction.
4.2 Critique of the Idea of ​​Immediate Knowledge, Cartesian Doubt, and Phenomenological Reduction in Contemporary Philosophy. Peirce's Theory of Indirect Knowledge. The Theory of the Sign. Critique of the Idea of ​​Epoché (Presuppositionless Knowledge). Peirce's Pragmatism. Cassirer's Philosophy of Symbolic Forms.
4.3 Hermeneutics. Friedrich Schleiermacher. Johan Gustav Droysen. Wilhelm Dilthey. Gadamer. Bettie's Realistic Hermeneutics.
4.4 Konrad Lorenz's Cognitive Realism.
4.5 Scheler and Hartmann's Phenomenological Philosophy of Value.
5. Existentialism.
5.1 Kierkegard. Kierkegard's Fundamental Existential Problem. The Socratic Paradox and Kierkegard's Solution. Skepticism and Faith.
5.2 Nietzsche.
5.3 Contemporary Existentialism. Heidegger. Sartre.
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Lektura zalecana:
K. Pawłowski: skrypt do wykładu w wersji elektronicznej
W. Tatarkiewicz, Historia filozofii, wyd. dowolne
A. MacIntyre, Krótka historia etyki, Warszawa 2000.
Lektura dodatkowa:
K. Ajdukiewicz, Zagadnienia i kierunki filozofii, Warszawa 2003
R.H. Popkin, Filozofia, Poznań 1994
D. Collinson, Pięćdziesięciu wielkich filozofów, Poznań 1997
Z. Kuderowicz red., Filozofia XX wieku, Warszawa 2002
A. Miś, Filozofia współczesna, Warszawa 2003
P. Vardy, P. Grosch, Etyka, Poznań 1995.

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